Unless you’ve been living under a rock for the last two years, you can’t have failed to notice that solid state storage is here and is here in a big way.  Two weeks ago at TFD#8, we had presentations from two all-flash array startups, Pure Storage and SolidFire.  I’ll have more specifics on these companies over the coming weeks, however for now, we can see they are joining an ever growing group of companies focused on killing off the hard drive. So where are we headed?

Background

Solid state drives are nothing new.  I used them on the mainframe in the late 80s/early 90′s but they were hideously expensive.  In fact, they were so expensive that every single individual file was managed by hand, ensuring it was no bigger than necessary and only the files which could absolutely justify the low latency and response times resided on the technology.  The NAND flash we see today started with the same properties; SLC (Single Level Cell) solid state devices were very expensive, for example Intel’s X25-E SLC SSD device introduced in 4Q2008 had a list price of more than $22/GB.  That cost isn’t sustainable for all data in the Enterprise, however with advancements in technology, prices have dropped significantly.  SLC is being steadily replaced by eMLC (Enterprise Multi-Level Cell), which although lower cost technology, is delivering reliability at levels coming close to SLC.  Intel’s latest SSD710 Series comes in at just over $6/GB, a greater than three-fold reduction in just three years.

Cost reduction has meant solid state is more viable as a mainstream technology.  It has been added to the Enterprise as SSD drives in servers, PCIe cards in servers or as part of storage arrays either as an add on to existing technology, or as we’re seeing, as technology designed from the ground up to work with flash.  The last category is the most interesting and is one area where we’re seeing growth in the market.  Two approaches have been taken; incorporating SSD drives into arrays or integrating the flash directly into the array.  Whichever method is used (and both camps have their justifications as to why they are right), the additional intellectual property comes from both extending the life of the flash to commercially acceptable lengths and delivering consistent I/O response times that justify the increased cost.

Application

As I mentioned earlier, mainframe solid state was managed at the file level.  For solid state arrays to be successful, they need to be driven to the level they are capable of.  Normally cost justification is worked out on price per GB of storage, however that calculation now seems outdated, especially with the benefits of virtualisation.  Price per IOPS or even IOPS/GB are more relevant and the overall TCO, including space, power, cooling, hardware acquisition cost, maintenance and labour costs need to be included in working out whether the SSD array is right for deployment.  I’ll be discussing more on this over the coming weeks too.  In the meantime, let’s get back to the question in hand; who is likely to be the first to be acquired?

The Players

Here’s a brief rundown of some of the players (in no particular order):

At this stage I don’t think anyone has a foothold in the market that guarantees their success.  Each vendor offers differentiating features or targets a specific market segment.  It’s too early to say who will dominate the market, equally who will be first to be acquired.  What we can be sure is that the big three letter storage vendors will be circling and watching this market space *very* closely.  Over the next few weeks I’ll talk about Violin, SolidFire and Pure Storage.  I’ve had briefings from each of these vendors, either directly or through TFD#8, so there’s some good stuff to learn.

Updated: Reviews will be listed here as they are written.

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  • http://blog.fosketts.net Stephen Foskett

    This reminds me so much of 3PAR/Compellent or LeftHand/EqualLogic – we have startups with great (not to mention critical) new technology and they simply have to be acquired eventually. I’m rooting for the newest of the new, since they’ve got a tech lead, though the established companies might be more stable.

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  • Beth Bryant

    There is another solid state array vendor who is part of the group of players you mention — Kaminario — which announced in September its new all solid-state SAN storage solutions. The new Kaminario K2 family offers a choice of media (DRAM and/or Flash) in a single system without compromising on enterprise-class speed, self-healing high availability or ease of use. Here’s a link to the September 13th announcement: http://www.kaminario.com/company/press-releases/Kaminario_Announces_the_Industrys_First_Enterprise_Grade_All_Solid-State_SAN_Storage_with_Media_Freedom_of_Choice

    • admin

      Beth

      Good point, thanks for reminding me. I have had a briefing from the company, goodness knows why I didn’t remember!

      Regards
      Chris

      • Beth Bryant

        Thanks Chris! Kaminario would love to schedule another briefing to bring you up-to-date on this next-generation K2 all solid-state SAN storage.
        Best regards,
        Beth

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  • http://www.hoosierstorageguy.com Hoosier Storage Guy

    I don’t think any of them get acquired quite frankly. The only flash player I see with a chance is Fusion IO. It’s a very niche market for these flash-only devices. After reading a few articles, it appears Whiptail only has a little over 100 customers, and they’ve been around for a couple years. I read your Pure Storage article and was a bit dismayed to see you apparently buy right in to the marketing pitch.

    Understanding how to manage SSDs is Pure Storage’s secret sauce. They work closely with the SSD manufacturers to understand the best ways to read and write from the devices in order to gain both maximum performance and maximum lifetime.”

    Do you really think Pure Storage has some kind of “in” with the flash manufacturers that an EMC or other major manufacturer doesn’t have?

    At the presentation they even claimed never to have had an SSD failure, something that was met with surprise by the audience present!”

    A) You forgot to ask how many SSD’s have they shipped out to customers”. B) They don’t buy their SSD’s from any sort of secret supplier. Every storage array vendor buys their HDD’s and SSD’s from the same suppliers. To make a claim like Pure Storage did is quite frankly silly. Although these drives fail at much lower rates than spinning HDD’s, there will be SSD’s that fail. Pure Storage will be affected just like every other vendor.

    • admin

      Dan

      I don’t feel I’ve “bought in to the marketing pitch”. Over time SSDs will become mainstream and SSD arrays that understand the inconsistencies of SSD devices will do better than all SSD arrays built from standard arrays like those from EMC, for example. Look at the way SSDs can suffer performance spikes. Other vendors like Violin realise that SSDs need to be handled in a certain way. This is exactly the same as hard disks have been treated. Vendors built clever caching and algorithm systems to cope with disks that had unpredictable I/O because they consisted of spinning components that had mechanical latency. The vendors like EMC who put more effort into developing those algorithms got better results. Think also about SMART, which helps predict drive failures. Some vendors predictively detect failures and spare out disks before they actually fail. Compare this against vendors that have products which simply wait for a failure and rebuild.

      We did talk about actual shipments – remember they are not shipping GA products yet. We were all surprised that there had been no disk failures and we questioned that many times.

      Getting back to the “kool-aid” comment, I question the application of these types of arrays, possibly that’s where they will suffer, having enough applications to drive the level of performance they can provide.

      Chris

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